It is a religion for oppressors, tyrants, man-stealers, and thugs. The founding fathers left black people and women out of these rights for "everyone." I answer: a day that reveals to him, more than all other days in the year, the gross injustice and cruelty to which he is the constant victim. Cast one glance, if you please, upon that young mother, whose shoulders are bare to the scorching sun, her briny tears falling on the brow of the babe in her arms. The eye of the reformer is met with angry flashes, portending disastrous times; but his heart may well beat lighter at the thought that America is young, and that she is still in the impressible stage of her existence. There is blasphemy in the thought. Is it not astonishing that, while we are ploughing, planting and reaping, using all kinds of mechanical tools, erecting houses, constructing bridges, building ships, working in metals of brass, iron, copper, silver and gold; that, while we are reading, writing and cyphering, acting as clerks, merchants and secretaries, having among us lawyers, doctors, ministers, poets, authors, editors, orators and teachers; that, while we are engaged in all manner of enterprises common to other men, digging gold in California, capturing the whale in the Pacific, feeding sheep and cattle on the hill-side, living, moving, acting, thinking, planning, living in families as husbands, wives and children, and, above all, confessing and worshipping the Christians God, and looking hopefully for life and immortality beyond the grave, we are called upon to prove that we are men!Would you have me argue that man is entitled to liberty? Africa must rise and put on her yet unwoven garment. be warned! Not everyone. The speech notes the contradiction of the national ethos of United States and the way enslaved persons are treated. The arm of the Lord is not shortened, and the doom of slavery is certain. It would, certainly, prove nothing, as to what part I might have taken, had I lived during the great controversy of 1776. Douglass argues that religion is the center of the problem but also the main solution to it. Hear his savage yells and his blood-chilling oaths, as he hurries on his affrighted captives! They convert the very name of religion into an engine of tyranny, and barbarous cruelty, and serve to confirm more infidels, in this age, than all the infidel writings of Thomas Paine, Voltaire, and Bolingbroke, put together, have done! After this, he turns his attention to the church. You have no right to enjoy a childs share in the labor of your fathers, unless your children are to be blest by your labors. Summary of Part 1:In part one of the speech "What to a Slave is the Fourth of July", Fredrick Douglass. The testimony of Senator Breese, Lewis Cass, and many others that might be named, who are everywhere esteemed as sound lawyers, so regard the constitution. To all inspiring motives, to noble deeds which can be gained from the past, we are welcome. But now is the time, the important time. The far off and almost fabulous Pacific rolls in grandeur at our feet. Cling to this daycling to it, and to its principles, with the grasp of a storm-tossed mariner to a spar at midnight, Neither steam nor lightning had then been reduced to order and discipline, With them, justice, liberty and humanity were final; not slavery and oppression. Heat and sorrow have nearly consumed their strength; suddenly you hear a quick snap, like the discharge of a rifle; the fetters clank, and the chain rattles simultaneously; your ears are saluted with a scream, that seems to have torn its way to the center of your soul! All this we affirm to be true of the popular church, and the popular worship of our land and nation a religion, a church, and a worship which, on the authority of inspired wisdom, we pronounce to be an abomination in the sight of God. Douglass then pivots to the present, stating that "We have to do with the past only as we can make it useful to the present and to the future". These ministers make religion a cold and flinty-hearted thing, having neither principles of right action, nor bowels of compassion. From the slave prison to the ship, they are usually driven in the darkness of night; for since the antislavery agitation, a certain caution is observed.In the deep still darkness of midnight, I have been often aroused by the dead heavy footsteps, and the piteous cries of the chained gangs that passed our door. The 'Address' may be had at this office, price ten cents, a single copy, or six dollars per hundred. With brave men there is always a remedy for oppression. Albert Barnes but uttered what the common sense of every man at all observant of the actual state of the case will receive as truth, when he declared that There is no power out of the church that could sustain slavery an hour, if it were not sustained in it.Let the religious press, the pulpit, the Sunday school, the conference meeting, the great ecclesiastical, missionary, Bible and tract associations of the land array their immense powers against slavery and slave-holding; and the whole system of crime and blood would be scattered to the winds; and that they do not do this involves them in the most awful responsibility of which the mind can conceive.In prosecuting the anti-slavery enterprise, we have been asked to spare the church, to spare the ministry; but how, we ask, could such a thing be done? your republican politics, not less than your republican religion, are flagrantly inconsistent. In the language of Isaiah, the American church might be well addressed, Bring no more vain ablations; incense is an abomination unto me: the new moons and Sabbaths, the calling of assemblies, I cannot away with; it is iniquity even the solemn meeting. Not fewer than forty Americans have, within the past two years, been hunted down and, without a moments warning, hurried away in chains, and consigned to slavery and excruciating torture. In that instrument I hold there is neither warrant, license, nor sanction of the hateful thing; but, interpreted as it ought to be interpreted, the Constitution is a GLORIOUS LIBERTY DOCUMENT. For who is there so cold, that a nations sympathy could not warm him? The anguish of my boyish heart was intense; and I was often consoled, when speaking to my mistress in the morning, to hear her say that the custom was very wicked; that she hated to hear the rattle of the chains, and the heart-rending cries. or is it in the temple? But a change has now come over the affairs of mankind. In an 1868 speech, he said, No man should be excluded from the government on the basis of his color, no woman on account of her sex. The speech has been notably performed or read by important figures, including the following: The paragraphing referenced here is taken from an edition of the speech at, African Americans In Congress: A Documentary History, by Eric Freedman and Stephen A, Jones, 2008, p. 39, "Activist Public Relations and the Paradox of the Positive: A Case Study of Frederick Douglass's Fourth of July Address", "One of American History's Worst Laws Was Passed 165 Years Ago", "The Operation of the Fugitive Slave Law in Western Pennsylvania from 1850 to 1860", The American Constitutional Experience: Selected Readings & Supreme Court Opinions, Frederick Douglass on Slavery and the Civil War: Selections from His Writings, "Frederick Douglass Statue Torn Down On Anniversary Of Famous Speech", "Frederick Douglass statue torn down in Rochester, N.Y., on anniversary of his famous Fourth of July speech", "Frederick Douglass statue torn down on anniversary of great speech", "VIDEO: Frederick Douglass' Descendants Deliver His 'Fourth Of July' Speech", A Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Frederick Douglass's Descendants Deliver His 'Fourth of July' Speech, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=What_to_the_Slave_Is_the_Fourth_of_July%3F&oldid=1137650578. Students also viewed By an act of the American Congress, not yet two years old, Mason and Dixons line has been obliterated, Did this law concern the mint, anise, and cumin. Without this fight, the liberty of an American citizen would be as insecure as that of a Frenchman. They acknowledge it when they punish disobedience on the part of the slave. Frederick Douglass delivered his famous speech at the Corinthian Hall in Rochester, NY, on July. It has made itself the bulwark of American slavery, and the shield of American slave-hunters. They are plain, common-sense rules, such as you and I, and all of us, can understand and apply, without having passed years in the study of law. Do you mean, citizens, to mock me, by asking me to speak to-day? But, while the river may not be turned aside, it may dry up, and leave nothing behind but the withered branch, and the unsightly rock, to howl in the abyss-sweeping wind, the sad tale of departed glory. The oath of any two villains is sufficient, under this hell-black enactment, to send the most pious and exemplary black man into the remorseless jaws of slavery! Your fathers have lived, died, and have done their work, and have done much of it well. Because the church stood behind the decision to abolish the selling and buying of people, so did the rest of the country. He is a bird for the sportsmans gun. Sydney Smith tells us that men seldom eulogize the wisdom and virtues of their fathers, but to excuse some folly or wickedness of their own. Sign up for daily emails to get the latest Harvardnews. It is, however, a notable fact that, while so much execration is poured out by Americans upon those engaged in the foreign slave-trade, the men engaged in the slave-trade between the states pass without condemnation, and their business is deemed honorable.Behold the practical operation of this internal slave-trade, the American slave-trade, sustained by American politics and America religion. I lived on Philpot Street, Fells Point, Baltimore, and have watched from the wharves, the slave ships in the Basin, anchored from the shore, with their cargoes of human flesh, waiting for favorable winds to waft them down the Chesapeake. He refers to the Constitution as a "Glorious Liberty Document". They, however, gradually flow back to the same old channel, and flow on as serenely as ever. Thoughts expressed on one side of the Atlantic are, distinctly heard on the other. Is it at the gateway? This page was last edited on 5 February 2023, at 19:31. On what branch of the subject do the people of this country need light? Standing, there, identified with the American bondman, making his wrongs mine, I do not hesitate to declare, with all my soul, that the character and conduct of this nation never looked blacker to me than on this 4th of July! [28][29] The head of the organization responsible for the memorial speculated that it was vandalized in response to the removal of Confederate monuments in the wake of the George Floyd protests.[30]. He argues that the Constitution does not permit slavery, contrary to the claims of contemporary defenders of the institution. You may rejoice, I must mourn. A feeling has crept over me, quite unfavorable to the exercise of my limited powers of speech. At the same time, we need to be studying the history of slavery and racism in this country so we can build policies, practices, and procedures that address the present problems with those historical inequities in mind. Initially mentored by William Lloyd Garrison, Douglass The Sharps, the Clarksons, the Wilberforces, the Buxtons, and Burchells and the Knibbs, were alike famous for their piety, and for their philanthropy. when ye make many prayers, I will not hear. In short, it gave the federal government an active role in maintaining the Souths system of slavery. What would be thought of an instrument, drawn up, legally drawn up, for the purpose of entitling the city of Rochester to a track of land, in which no mention of land was made? Wells, which was incorporated into the preface of her 1892 pamphlet Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases.. 2. You boast of your love of liberty, your superior civilization, and your pure Christianity, while the whole political power of the nation (as embodied in the two great political parties), is solemnly pledged to support and perpetuate the enslavement of three millions of your countrymen. ROY:One of the things that Douglass writings shows us is that he believed in amplifying a variety of voices. From the round top of your ship of state, dark and threatening clouds may be seen. when ye make many prayers, I will not hear. we wept when we remembered Zion. The4th of July is the first great fact in your nation's history the very ringbolt in the chain of your yet undeveloped destinyPride and patriotism, not less than gratitude, prompt you to celebrate and to hold it in perpetualremembrance. Fellow-citizens, pardon me, allow me to ask, why am I called upon to speak here to-day? That which is inhuman, cannot be divine! You glory in your refinement and your universal education yet you maintain a system as barbarous and dreadful as ever stained the character of a nationa system begun in avarice, supported in pride, and perpetuated in cruelty. He says that, if anything, many churches actually stand behind slavery and support the continued existence of the institution. While drawing encouragement from the Declaration of Independence, the great principles it contains, and the genius of American Institutions, my spirit is also cheered by the obvious tendencies of the age. Products. If youre not a person of color, its one thing to go to a couple of events or protests, or to read a few articles and move on. On the other hand it will be found to contain principles and purposes, entirely hostile to the existence of slavery.I have detained my audience entirely too long already. Attend the auction; see men examined like horses; see the forms of women rudely and brutally exposed to the shocking gaze of American slave-buyers. He praises them because they were great men. The drove moves tardily. He is outraged by the lack of responsibility and indifference towards slavery that many sects have taken around the nation. You may rejoice, I must mourn. While I do not intend to argue this question on the present occasion, let me ask, if it be not somewhat singular that, if the Constitution were intended to be, by its framers and adopters, a slave-holding instrument, why neither slavery, slaveholding, nor slave can anywhere be found in it. What is this but the acknowledgement that the slave is a moral, intellectual and responsible being? Random House. They that can, may; I cannot. These gentlemen have, as I think, fully and clearly vindicated the Constitution from any design to support slavery for an hour.Fellow-citizens! Pride and patriotism, not less than gratitude, prompt you to. I am not included within the pale of this glorious anniversary! 4th period Mrs. Landrew Fredrick Douglass Frederick Douglass was an escaped slave who became a prominent activist, author and public speaker. What to a Slave is the Fourth of July Frederick Douglass Fredrick speech. I answer: a day that reveals to him, more than all other days in the year, the gross injustice and cruelty to which he is the constant victim. [12], According to the 1850 Census, there were around 3.2 million enslaved persons in the United States. There are exceptions, and I thank God that there are. He expresses his belief in the speech that he and other slaves are fighting the same fight in terms of wishing to be free that White Americans, the ancestors of the white people he is addressing, fought seventy years earlier. In that speech, he cast the abolitionist movement as being engaged in a "War" against defenders of slavery. PDF. He argues that though the international slave trade is correctly decried as abhorrent, the people of the United States are far less vocal in their opposition to domestic slave trade. You have already declared it. You profess to believe that, of one blood, God made all nations of men to dwell on the face of all the earth, and hath commanded all men, everywhere to love one another; yet you notoriously hate, (and glory in your hatred), all men whose skins are not colored like your own. Follow the drove to New Orleans. The Celestial Empire, the mystery of ages, is being solved. a horrible reptile is coiled up in your nations bosom; the venomous creature is nursing at the tender breast of your youthful republic; for the love of God, tear away, and fling from you the hideous monster, and let the weight of twenty millions crush and destroy it forever!But it is answered in reply to all this, that precisely what I have now denounced is, in fact, guaranteed and sanctioned by the Constitution of the United States; that the right to hold and to hunt slaves is a part of that Constitution framed by the illustrious Fathers of this Republic.Then, I dare to affirm, notwithstanding all I have said before, your fathers stooped, basely stooped. On July 4, 1852, Frederick Douglass-- a former American slave, abolitionist leader and adroit speaker-- spoke in Rochester, New York about the affectation of celebrating independence. That point is conceded already. In several states, this trade is a chief source of wealth. Frederick Douglass, born a slave and later the most influential African American leader of the 1800s, addresses the hypocrisy of the US of maintaining slavery with its upheld ideals being freedom and independence on July 4th, 1852. The power is co-extensive with the Star-Spangled Banner and American Christianity. They are a trouble to me; I am weary to bear them; and when ye spread forth your hands I will hide mine eyes from you. It is a slander upon their memory, at least, so I believe. ts future might be shrouded in gloom, and the hope of its prophets go out in sorr. The time for such argument is passed.At a time like this, scorching irony, not convincing argument, is needed. It is admitted in the fact that Southern statute books are covered with enactments forbidding, under severe fines and penalties, the teaching of the slave to read or to write. No! This trade is one of the peculiarities of American institutions. 00 Comments Please sign inor registerto post comments. Genius is the ultimate source of music knowledge, created by scholars like you who share facts and insight about the songs and artists they love. Before you read the speech you can follow these links to learn more about Douglass's life and the evolution of his thought in this period. [20]:346 To prove evidence of these inconsistencies, as one historian noted, during the speech Douglass claims that the United States Constitution is an abolitionist document and not a pro-slavery document.[22][23][24]. The Fugitive Slave Law makes mercy to them a crime; and bribes the judge who tries them. Creative people have bypassed gatekeepers for centuries to distribute what they wanted to share so badly. They find common ground in Houghton Library exhibition. Were not only going to be reading books like White Fragility, and Divided by Faith, but were also going to read and watch a number of speeches by Martin Luther King Jr., and documentaries like 13th and King in the Wilderness, as we try to get at the root of racial division so we can come together to remove it. ROY: The better we get to know the people that we live with, that we work around, that we see at the coffee shop, and the more we talk about these important racial issues with one another, the easier it will be to heal our divided communities. Must I argue the wrongfulness of slavery? Born into slavery around 1818, Douglass became a key leader of the abolitionist movement. The fiat of the Almighty, Let there be Light, has not yet spent its force. He was fortunate to have been taught to read by his slave owner mistress, and he would go on to become one of the major literary figures of his time. Let it be thundered around the world, that, in tyrant-killing, king-hating, people-loving, democratic, Christian America, the seats of justice are filled with judges, who hold their offices under an open and palpable bribe, and are bound, in deciding in the case of a mans liberty, hear only his accusers!In glaring violation of justice, in shameless disregard of the forms of administering law, in cunning arrangement to entrap the defenseless, and in diabolical intent, this Fugitive Slave Law stands alone in the annals of tyrannical legislation. I do not remember ever to have appeared as a speaker before any assembly more. was delivered in the decade preceding the American Civil War, which lasted from 1861 to 1865 and achieved the abolition of slavery. . Three score years and ten is the allotted time for individual men; but nations number their years by thousands. [20]:344. The occasion was the Society's Fourth of July celebration, but Douglass refused to give the speech on July 4; he would not celebrate the holiday so long as African Americans remained enslaved. As the project scholar, my role is to advise the process as it rolls out, to give a talk that provides contemporary and historical context and to facilitate the community discussion around the speech against the backdrop of other relevant issues. On July 5, 1852, Frederick Douglass gave a keynote address at an Independence Day celebration and asked, "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?" Douglass was a powerful orator, often traveling six months out of the year to give lectures on abolition. [20]:345He also attempts to demonstrate the irony of their inability to sympathize with the Black people they oppressed in cruel ways that the forefathers they valorized never experienced. Yet his monument is built up by the price of human blood, and the traders in the bodies and souls of men shoutWe have Washington to our father.Alas! Your high independence only reveals the immeasurable distance between us. that he is the rightful owner of his own body? Another remarkable thing about Douglass is that he was an early champion of voting rights for women. You hurl your anathemas at the crowned headed tyrants of Russia and Austria, and pride yourselves on your Democratic institutions, while you yourselves consent to be the mere tools and body-guards of the tyrants of Virginia and Carolina. This is the inevitable conclusion, and from it there is no escape. What have I, or those I represent, to do with your national independence? I repeat, I am glad this is so. What to the Slave is the Fourth of July? What, to the American slave, is your 4th of July? [13] Although the import of people directly from Africa had been banned in 1807,[14] the domestic slave trade, still legal, was thriving. The iron shoe, and crippled foot of China must be seen, in contrast with nature. You will see one of these human flesh-jobbers, armed with pistol, whip and bowie-knife, driving a company of a hundred men, women, and children, from the Potomac to the slave market at New Orleans. Building off of this, Douglass criticizes the Fugitive Slave Act, holding that in this act, "slavery has been nationalized in its most horrible and revolting form." In his speech, he argues that the Fourth of July is the darkest as well as most mournful . There should be no shoulder that does not bear the burden of the government. He had a prophetic vision for the future that he was always trying to work toward. If I forget thee, O Jerusalem, let my right hand forget her cunning. The British accomplished this through religion or more specifically, the church. Your fathers esteemed the English Government as the home government; and England as the fatherland. And instead of being the honest men I have before declared them to be, they were the veriest imposters that ever practiced on mankind. Need I remind you that a similar thing is being done all over this country to-day? The charter of our liberties, which every citizen has a personal interest in understanding thoroughly. one of the most important speeches of the 19th century? Washington could not die till he had broken the chains of his slaves. To do so, would be to make myself ridiculous, and to offer an insult to your understanding.There is not a man beneath the canopy of heaven, that does not know that slavery is wrong for him.What, am I to argue that it is wrong to make men brutes, to rob them of their liberty, to work them without wages, to keep them ignorant of their relations to their fellow men, to beat them with sticks, to flay their flesh with the lash, to load their limbs with irons, to hunt them with dogs, to sell them at auction, to sunder their families, to knock out their teeth, to bum their flesh, to starve them into obedience and submission to their masters? Further, if this demand were not complied with, another Scotland would be added to the history of religious liberty, and the stern old Covenanters would be thrown into the shade. Who so obdurate and dead to the claims of gratitude, that would not thankfully acknowledge such priceless benefits? ROY: The event that were doing in Somerville puts pressure on whitewashed conceptions of the Fourth of July, as many people to this day still view it as a celebration of American food, fireworks, and freedom. Whether we turn to the declarations of the past, or to the professions of the present, the conduct of the nation seems equally hideous and revolting. I will not equivocate; I will not excuse; I will use the severest language I can command; and yet not one word shall escape me that any man, whose judgment is not blinded by prejudice, or who is not at heart a slaveholder, shall not confess to be right and just.But I fancy I hear some one of my audience say, it is just in this circumstance that you and your brother abolitionists fail to make a favorable impression on the public mind. For there, they that carried us away captive, required of us a song; and they who wasted us required of us mirth, saying, Sing us one of the songs of Zion. The Bible addresses all such persons as scribes, Pharisees, hypocrites, who pay tithe of mint, anise, and cumin, and have omitted the weightier matters of the law, judgment, mercy and faith.But the church of this country is not only indifferent to the wrongs of the slave, it actually takes sides with the oppressors. Easel Activity. [16] Additionally, it awarded $10 to a judge who sentenced an individual to return to enslavement, while awarding only $5 if the claim was dismissed. The manhood of the slave is conceded. Attend the auction; see men examined like horses; see the forms of women rudely and brutally exposed to the shocking gaze of American slave-buyers. These ministers make religion a cold and flinty-hearted thing, having neither principles of right action, bowels. Is there so cold, that would not thankfully acknowledge such priceless benefits the slave... Am not included within the pale of this Glorious anniversary he argues that the Constitution as ``. 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