He moved ahead to new dramatic poems, notably Judas Maccabeus in Three Books of Song (1872) and The Masque of Pandora (1875); Michael Angelo, his last major poem, appeared posthumously in 1883 in its unfinished condition. His mother, Zilpah (Wadsworth) Longfellow, was the daughter of General Peleg Wadsworth, who had served in the American Revolution. The mansion was the poet's home until he entered Bowdoin College in 1821. 791. [75] Longfellow had burned himself while trying to save her, badly enough that he was unable to attend her funeral. Both Craigie House in Cambridge and the beach home in Nahant, Massachusetts, where the Longfellows summered from the 1850s became centers of hospitality extended to American and European guestsmany of them literary figuresand Longfellows many admirers. Later, he distilled memories of European wanderings (along with material from his college lectures) into Outre-Mer; A Pilgrimage beyond the Sea (1833-4) and the anticipatory Schoolmaster pieces he published between 1831 and 1833 in the New-England Magazine, but not before directing his talents to more practical kinds of writing. Ultima Thule (1880), the title of which signaled his expectation that it would be his last collection, featured such lyrics as The Tide Rises, The Tide Falls (1879) and LEnvoi. Page II Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1863, by HENRY WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts. Life and Fame. [140], Over the years, Longfellow's personality has become part of his reputation. Based on Chippewa (Ojibway) culture and traditions as represented by Henry Rowe Schoolcraft and John Tanner, on John G. E. Heckewelders defense of Delaware culture, and on Longfellows acquaintance with an Ojibway chief who stayed at his house, the poem also drew on widespread literary and visual representations of the West to construct what Longfellow called his Indian Edda. Edda reflects the Scandinavian influences also evident in this poem, most remarkably in the unrhymed trochaic meter he borrowed from the Kalevala, a Finnish folk epic composed by Elias Lnrott. Omissions? Request a transcript here. 1807 - Henry Wadsworth Longfellow born in Portland before it was transferred from Massachusetts to Maine; American poet of the fireside school. [85] Longfellow accepted an offer from Joshua Chamberlain to speak at his fiftieth reunion at Bowdoin College, despite his aversion to public speaking; he read the poem "Morituri Salutamus" so quietly that few could hear him. [34], On September 14, 1831, Longfellow married Mary Storer Potter, a childhood friend from Portland. Longfellows translation, still respected for its linguistic appreciation and literary merit, appeared in an 1865-67 three-volume edition, although he completed the translation in spring 1864. 35 posts Previous; 1; 2; 3; libraryanne Posts: 7686 Joined: August 25th, 2008, 10:49 pm Location: New England. [110] In preparing the volume, Longfellow hired Katherine Sherwood Bonner as an amanuensis. "[138] Twentieth-century poet Lewis Putnam Turco concluded that "Longfellow was minor and derivative in every way throughout his career nothing more than a hack imitator of the English Romantics. He was still writing learned essays for the North American Reviewthis time concentrating attention on Teutonic languages, including Swedish and early English. There is little action in the story as Longfellow tells it: the Acadians submit quietly to British tyranny; Gabriels adventures take place out of sight; and Evangelines quest involves a good deal of travel, admittedly, but no conflict. To a Child, one of the most popular poems of the book, expressed paternal tenderness toward his first son, while the sonnet Dante looked toward a later stage of literary productivity. Poems such as Paul Reveres Ride, Evangeline, A Tale of Acadie (1847), and A Psalm of Life were mainstays of primary and secondary school curricula, long remembered by generations of readers who studied them as children. [82] By 1868, Longfellow's annual income was over $48,000. Although Churchills failure results most of all from his own limitationshis inattentiveness to sources of inspiration nearest at hand and his lack of driving literary commitmentit also reflects the indifference of Americans to artistic aspirations not in tune with the chauvinistic bombast of the comical magazine editor of the book, who calls for a national literature altogether shaggy and unshorn, that shall shake the earth, like a herd of buffaloes thundering over the prairies. On the Continent he learned French, Spanish, and Italian but refused to settle down to a regimen of scholarship at any university. After her death, Longfellow had difficulty writing poetry for a time and focused on translating works from foreign languages. Longfellow published two collections of verse by other poets, The Waif (1845) and The Estray (1846), each preceded by an original poem relating to the poet and his audience. A project already well in hand that he was able to bring to completion was Tales of a Wayside Inn, the first part of which appeared in 1863. In his years there, he earned a reputation as being very studious and became fluent in Latin. [50] Poet John Greenleaf Whittier said that Longfellow's poetry illustrated "the careful moulding by which art attains the graceful ease and chaste simplicity of nature". In 1855, using Henry Rowe Schoolcrafts two books on the Indian tribes of North America as the base and the trochaic metrics of the Finnish epic Kalevala as his medium, he fashioned The Song of Hiawatha (1855). [36] Longfellow published several nonfiction and fiction prose pieces in 1833 inspired by Irving, including "The Indian Summer" and "The Bald Eagle". Returning to Maine in summer 1829, Longfellow as a young professor soon found himself immersed in the unpoetic routines of pedagogy. His first wife, Mary Potter, died in 1835 after a miscarriage. The Divina Commedia group of six sonnets written between 1864 and 1866 honor the Tuscan poet Dantemost memorably the first, with its image of the bereaved American poet leaving my burden at this minster gate, / Kneeling in prayer, and not ashamed to pray in a quest for spiritual peace. PAPERS: The chief repository of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's papers and manuscripts is the Houghton Library, Harvard University. 07 Nov 1786 in Pittsfield, MA, d. 10 Feb 1822. Longfellow sought diplomatic posts, considered opening a girls school in New York or taking over the Round Hill School in Northampton, and applied for professorships in Virginia and New York before release came in the form of an invitation to succeed Ticknor as Smith Professor of Modern Languages at Harvard. Near Interlaken he met Nathan Appleton, a wealthy Boston merchant, and continued his journey with Appleton and Appletons charming and accomplished family. [128] He added, "Longfellow was no revolutionarie: never traveled new paths: of course never broke new paths. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (February 27, 1807 March 24, 1882) was an American poet and educator. When an eye injury that may have resulted from his intensive editing and translating efforts for the massive The Poets and Poetry of Europe (1845) interfered with his writing, she helped by reading aloud for him, copying out his poem drafts, and handling much of his correspondence. [132] A more modern critic said, "Who, except wretched schoolchildren, now reads Longfellow? About this Poet. From holiday poems to quiet spiritual reflections, these poems and articles celebrate the interweaving of Jewish faith, cultural traditions, and literary history. Each new book extended his fame, and he was bombarded with invitations for literary contributions and for autographs. The family soon moved to a house on Congress Street, now known as the Wadsworth Longfellow Home. Henry,Edward Berens,Lyman Frank Baum,E.T.A. Sales of this book improved upon those for its predecessor; yet, Longfellow was disappointed by reader indifference to the work he had identified in an 1849 letter as the sublimer Song whose broken melodies have for so many years breathed through my soul. When all three parts finally came together in Christus: A Mystery, book sales were slight (only 6,000 copies printed) and critical response even less heartening. Longfellow was a member of what? According to Howells, Longfellows power derived from his courage in frankly trusting the personal as the universal along with his unaffectedness, the simplicity of his feelings, and the sincerity of his expression. This collection consisted of narrative poems composed in a great variety of metric patterns. "[129] Lewis Mumford said that Longfellow could be completely removed from the history of literature without much effect. Much of the charm of the poem lies in its evocation of place, from the pastoral Grand-Pr, where Benedict Bellefontaine, Evangelines father, dwelt on his goodly acres, through the bayous of Louisiana, where the Acadian blacksmith Basil Lajeunesse, Gabriels father, achieves new prosperity as a rancher, through the forests of French mission territory at the base of the Ozarks, where Evangeline ventures in seeking Gabriel, all the way to Philadelphia, where the aged heroine finds her lover dying in a hospital for plague victims and where they are buried together. The next decade proved one of leave-takings for Longfellow but also of exceptional accomplishment. Other poems had local settingsfor example, The Bridge, which contrasted Longfellows newfound personal peace with the melancholy of his earlier years in a reflection on the bridge over the Charles River near his home. I have aimed higher than this". Henry Wadsworth Longfellow , Voices of the Night. Daughter of Nathan Appleton I b. [136] Many of his works helped shape the American character and its legacy, particularly with the poem "Paul Revere's Ride". For advice, he gathered weekly evening sessions of his Dante Club of writer-scholarsamong them James Russell Lowell, who had succeeded Longfellow as Smith Professor; Charles Eliot Norton, who eventually published his own prose translation of Dantes masterpiece; and William Dean Howells. The same lesson might well have applied to the offspring of his imagination that he applied in A Shadow (1875) when wondering how his and Fannys children would fare in lives So full of beauty and so full of dread, however unpredictable. [18] He published nearly 40 minor poems between January 1824 and his graduation in 1825. As was the custom for the time, the two brothers focused most of their studies on languages and literature. Fanny's father Nathan Appleton gave Craigie House to the Longfellows as a wedding gift, and it became a meeting place for literary and philosophical figures such as Ralph Waldo Emerson, Nathaniel Hawthorne and Julia Ward Howe . [30] During his years teaching at the college, he translated textbooks from French, Italian, and Spanish;[31] his first published book was a translation of the poetry of medieval Spanish poet Jorge Manrique in 1833. A translation of this work had been among his goals when teaching Dante at Harvard, and he had translated small parts of the poem in the early 1840s. Longfellow attended a dame school at the age of three and was enrolled by age six at the private Portland Academy. [112] In the January 23, 1828 issue of his magazine The Yankee, he wrote, "As for Mr. Longfellow, he has a fine genius and a pure and safe taste, and all that he wants, we believe, is a little more energy, and a little more stoutness. American poet and educator. Possibly his 2 most famous poems are 'Paul Revere's Ride' and 'The Song of Hiawatha'. A sociable man known for his graciously winning manners, Longfellow took pleasure in associations with other literary figures through the Saturday Club, founded about 1855 for monthly dinner meetings, and the Atlantic Club, which brought together contributors to the Atlantic Monthly after its launching in 1857. The family occupied the first brick house in Portland, built by the general and still maintained as a literary shrine to its most famous occupant. Lines Inscribed upon a Cup Formed from a Skull 9. In the book, Myles fancied Priscilla but was too shy to tell her . Favorable responses to poems, reviews, sketches, and essays he contributed to the Portland Advertiser, American Monthly Magazine, and United States Literary Gazette sparked hopes for editing and writing opportunities that collided against the materialistic pragmatism of New England culture. [2] He grew up in what is now known as the Wadsworth-Longfellow House. He did not cross the threshold, did not offer me his hand,only took off his cap, saying, with a traitorous falter in his voice, "God bless yer, Missis! Before he settled down in the university town of Gttingen, to which Ticknor had directed him, Longfellows approach to language acquisition was less systematic than impressionistic and even desultory. His father, Stephen Longfellow, was an attorney and a Harvard graduate active in public affairs. The most warmly received of such poems composed in the 1850s, however, was The Childrens Hour, which reflected the poets delight in his small daughters. In 1836 Longfellow returned to Harvard and settled in the famous Craigie House, which was later given to him as a wedding present when he remarried in 1843. Just like Henry Wadsworth Longfellow did I believe that EVERY interaction with customers, employees, stakeholders or stockholders, matters. Can you blame him? Longfellow rarely wrote on current subjects and seemed detached from contemporary American concerns. His first major poetry collections were Voices of the Night (1839) and Ballads and Other Poems (1841). The Day Is Done (1844) speaks to the comforting quiet offered the weary reader by some humbler poet than the Miltonic and Dantean mastersa poet such as Longfellow found himself becoming by virtue of the kindly, sympathetic tone that characterized his popular poems. Longfellow and Mary Potter were married in September 1831. Its appeal to the public was immediate. [20] He gave the student commencement address. [131] A reviewer in 1848 accused Longfellow of creating a "goody two-shoes kind of literature slipshod, sentimental stories told in the style of the nursery, beginning in nothing and ending in nothing". He was too restless to take a carriage and walked 90 minutes to meet her at her house. In turn, he received homage from practitioners of other arts: composers set many of his poems to music, and artists illustrated many of his scenes. The famed poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow once penned the beautiful words, "Be still, sad heart! [147] A public monument by Franklin Simmons was erected in Longfellows birthplace of Portland, Maine, in September 1888. [86] The next year, he declined an offer to be nominated for the Board of Overseers at Harvard "for reasons very conclusive to my own mind". [109] Emerson was disappointed and reportedly told Longfellow: "The world is expecting better things of you than this You are wasting time that should be bestowed upon original production". Homesickness, however, prompted him to develop a proposal for a never published new-world sketchbook featuring New England settings and stories, rather than any literary account of European materials; The Wondrous Tale of a Little Man in Gosling Green, which appeared in the November 1, 1834 issue of the New Yorker, exemplified his intent for that projected volume. The failure of its first publisher kept half the first edition of 1,200 copies from distribution, and the eventual readership of the book, American travelers in Europe, probably discovered Hyperion based on its authors later reputation rather than its inherent merits as prose fiction. All day I am weary and sad". [77] He worried that he would go insane, begging "not to be sent to an asylum" and noting that he was "inwardly bleeding to death". A Psalm of Life (1838) expresses both the confusion of his feelings in that time of discouragement and his resolve not to succumb to mournful passivity. Volumes of selected poems emerged along with reprintings of earlier books and individual poems in varied formats and price ranges. Hundreds of editions, translations, and imitations followed, and Evangeline won admiration in Europe (from which Longfellow drew some of his sources) as well as the United States. General Peleg Wadsworth, built the house in 1785-1786, and the last person to live there was Anne Longfellow Pierce, Henry's younger sister. Bowdoin offers Longfellow a professorship of modern languages, provided that he prepare himself for the position with a period of European travel, a proposition he . He graduated from Bowdoin College in 1825. Out of the bosom of the Air, Out of the cloud-folds of her garments shaken, Over the woodlands brown and bare, Over the harvest-fields forsaken, Silent, and soft, and slow Descends the snow. He's a visual artist and a political activist for the American Indian Movement. His reputation could also benefit from renewed critical respect for sentimentalism, especially as that respect gets extended to male authors. Terms in this set (45) What where the years Longfellow was alive? [9] His grandfather was a founder of the college[12] and his father was a trustee. At the end of the poem, Hiawatha journeys westward alone after enjoining his people to welcome European missionaries with their new culture and Christian faith. There were still poems drawn from Longfellows travels and his readings in European literatures, but the most celebrated poem of the book was among his most patriotic pieces. More important, Longfellow turned back to poetry after that second European journey and found encouragement in the warm reception of a group of poems he classified loosely as psalms. Although he never received any money from Knickerbockers, where several of these poems first appeared, Longfellow discovered an appreciative public response to the sad wisdom he had distilled from the disappointments of life; sadness empowered him to speak comforting, encouraging words to the many readers who responded gratefully to A Psalm of Life, The Reaper and the Flowers, The Light of Stars, Footsteps of Angels, and Midnight Mass for the Dying Year. He collected these and other early poems in Voices of the Night, like Hyperion published in 1839, and followed up on that success with Ballads and Other Poems (1842), which featured short narrative poems such as The Skeleton in Armor and The Wreck of the Hesperus, a character sketch that he thought of as another psalm titled The Village Blacksmith, and a poem of Romantic inspiration, Excelsior. He was exploring American subject matter in many of these poemseven in The Skeleton in Armor, which drew an unexpected link between medieval Scandinavian war songs and New England antiquities. Science History Images / Alamy Stock Photo, See All Poems by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Common Core State Standards Text Exemplars, The Life and Poetry of Carolyn Marie Rodgers, with Nina Rodgers Gordon, Andrew Peart, and Srikanth Reddy, Morituri Salutamus: Poem for the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Class of 1825 in Bowdoin College, H. W. L. Dana, "Henry Wadsworth Longfellow," in, Richard Dilworth Rust, "Henry Wadsworth Longfellow," in, Gay Wilson Allen, "Henry Wadsworth Longfellow," in his, William Charvat, "Longfellow" and "Longfellow's Income from His Writings, 1840-1852," in his, Robert A. Ferguson, "Longfellow's Political Fears: Civic Authority and the Role of the Artist in, Angus Fletcher, "Whitman and Longfellow: Two Types of the American Poet,", Dana Gioia, "Longfellow in the Aftermath of Modernism," in, Clarence Gohdes, "Longfellow and His Authorized British Publishers,", Eric L. Haralson, "Mars in Petticoats: Longfellow and Sentimental Masculinity,", Kenneth Hovey, "'A Psalm of Life' Reconsidered: The Dialogue of Western Literature and Monologue of Young America,", William Dean Howells, "The Art of Longfellow,", Kent P. Ljungquist, "The 'Little War' and Longfellow's Dilemma: New Documents in the Plagiarism Controversy of 1845,", Joseph Masheck, "Professor Longfellow and the Blacksmith,", Celia Millward and Cecelia Tichi, "Whatever Happened to, Norman Holmes Pearson, "Both Longfellows,", Richard Henry Stoddard, "Henry Wadsworth Longfellow," in. 8.8.8.8. Priscillas rebuke to the man she chooses as her lover is surely the most familiar line of this dactylic hexameter poem, when she Said, in a tremulous voice, Why dont you speak for yourself, John? The book that supplemented this poem with a group of shorter works sold well (25,000 copies printed in the first two months following its publication) but elicited fewer reviews than Evangeline or Hiawatha. [47] The bulk of Voices of the Night was translations, but he included nine original poems and seven poems that he had written as a teenager. Longfellow managed to speak to the conflicts and at the same time to seem a safe haven, an anchor in the storm"("Henry Wadsworth Longfellow" Historic). Although Longfellow introduced a love story in his account of Hiawathas wooing of Minnehaha, their marriage, and her death, for the most part he assembled legends he found in Schoolcrafts many books to exalt his Ojibway hero as a leader of supernatural birth (son of the West Wind, Mudjekeewis, and of Wenonah, whose mother, Nokomis, had fallen from the heavens) who leads his people in ways of peace. [33] It may have been joyless work. [73] Longfellow's youngest daughter Annie explained the story differently some 50 years later, claiming that there had been no candle or wax but that the fire had started from a self-lighting match that had fallen on the floor. . Hoffmann, and Novalis (Friedrich von Hardenberg)that awakened a new sense of poetry as emotional expression. The Poet and His Song (1880). 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